A very common scenario when working with arrays is to get a subset of elements from the start or end of the array. Depending on the use-case and the desired result, there are a few variants of this operation that might fit your needs.
Get the first N elements of an array
Starting simple, you might want to get the first N elements of an array. Using Array.prototype.slice()
you can easily achieve this by passing 0
as the starting index and n
as the ending index.
代码实现
const take = (arr, n = 1) => arr.slice(0, n);
take([1, 2, 3], 0); // []
take([1, 2, 3], 2); // [1, 2]
take([1, 2, 3], 5); // [1, 2, 3]
As you can see from these examples, Array.prototype.slice()
is versatile enough to handle values of n
that would be well outside the array. This means that if the value of Array.prototype.length
is less than or equal to n
, all elements in the array will be retrieved.
Negative values are a little odd, as you will end up getting all values between 0
and the n
th to last element. If you want to avoid that behavior, you could simply add some code to validate that n
is greater than or equal to 0
and throw an error otherwise.
Get the last N elements of an array
Getting the last N elements of an array is pretty similar. Passing a negative index to Array.prototype.slice()
is all that’s necessary to make this work.
使用样例
const takeRight = (arr, n = 1) => arr.slice(-n);
takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2); // [2, 3]
takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0); // [1, 2, 3] - Huh?
takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5); // [1, 2, 3]
While this works in most cases, passing a value of 0
for n
will result in the retrieval of all array elements. You can mitigate this by using Array.prototype.length
to always pass two positive values to Array.prototype.slice()
.
const takeRight = (arr, n = 1) => arr.slice(arr.length - n, arr.length);
takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2); // [2, 3]
takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0); // []
takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5); // [2, 3] - Huh?
This variant ends up breaking in case n
is greater than the length of the array, which isn’t great. Instead of overly complex solutions, including a ternary operator (?
) in the original variant should be more than enough.
const takeRight = (arr, n = 1) => n === 0 ? [] : arr.slice(-n);
takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2); // [2, 3]
takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0); // []
takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5); // [1, 2, 3]
Again, negative values will result in an odd behavior, so you might want to add some validation code to prevent that.
翻译自:https://www.30secondsofcode.org/js/s/take-n-elements-from-array-start-or-end