30秒学会 JavaScript 片段 – Find matching keys in a JavaScript object

JavaScript objects are commonly used as dictionaries, where the keys are used to identify some values. In such cases, it is often useful to find all the keys that match a given value or condition.

Find all matching keys

Using Object.keys(), you can get all the keys of an object as an array. You can then use Array.prototype.filter() to test each key-value pair and return all keys that match the given condition.

代码实现

const findKeys = (obj, fn) =>
  Object.keys(obj).filter(key => fn(obj[key], key, obj));

const ages = {
  Leo: 20,
  Zoey: 21,
  Jane: 20,
};
findKeys(ages, x => x === 20); // [ 'Leo', 'Jane' ]

If you want to simply test against a value, the implementation can be simplified to accept a single value, instead of a function. In the demonstrated generic implementation, the callback receives three arguments – the value, the key and the object.

Find first matching key

Using Array.prototype.filter() is inefficient if you only need the first matching key. In this scenario, Array.prototype.find() is the better choice.

使用样例

const findKey = (obj, fn) =>
  Object.keys(obj).find(key => fn(obj[key], key, obj));

findKey(
  {
    barney: { age: 36, active: true },
    fred: { age: 40, active: false },
    pebbles: { age: 1, active: true }
  },
  x => x['active']
); // 'barney'

Find last matching key

Recent versions of JavaScript also added Array.prototype.findLast() which can be used to find the last matching key.

const findLastKey = (obj, fn) =>
  Object.keys(obj).findLast(key => fn(obj[key], key, obj));

findLastKey(
  {
    barney: { age: 36, active: true },
    fred: { age: 40, active: false },
    pebbles: { age: 1, active: true }
  },
  x => x['active']
); // 'pebbles'

For older JavaScript versions, you’ll have to use Array.prototype.reverse() to reverse the order of the keys and then use Array.prototype.find() to find the last matching key.

[!WARNING]

JavaScript object keys are not ordered, nor is the order guaranteed to match the insertion order. If you need to rely on the order of the keys, you should most likely be using a Map, instead.

翻译自：https://www.30secondsofcode.org/js/s/find-matching-keys